Cognitive biases refer to the systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby individuals make decisions based on their perception and cognitive processes. These biases often lead to irrational or flawed decision-making, as they can affect how individuals interpret information and make judgments. Cognitive biases can manifest in various forms, such as confirmation bias, anchoring bias, availability heuristic, and many others. Understanding cognitive biases is important in various fields such as psychology, economics, and decision-making, as they can significantly impact our behavior and choices. Researchers in this area seek to identify, understand, and mitigate the effects of cognitive biases on human decision-making.